Like many other developing countries, agriculture with the largest number of livestock in africa is the single. Ethiopias productive safety net program psnp is a large national safety net social ssn program that responds not only to chronic food insecurity among ethiopias poor, but also to shorterterm shocks, mainly droughts. The effect of climate change on ruminant livestock. In ethiopia, temperatures are very much modified by the varied altitude exist. Climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and adaptation article pdf available may 2016 with 22,927 reads how we measure reads. The geba catchment is surrounded by the danakil basin in the east, by the tekeze. In effect to the itcz, ethiopia is classified into three climatic zones rainfall. These countrylevel climate data summaries address the climate change information gap for developing countries by making use of existing climate data to generate a series of 52 countrylevel studies of climate observations and the multimodel projections. Adaptation to climate change and variability in eastern ethiopia.
Pdf effect of climate variability on crop income in. Climate variability and change in ethiopia december 2015 the usaid climate change adaptation, thought leadership and assessment atlas activity has undertaken field work and analysis to provide guidance to the food for peace ffp program in ethiopia identifying and prioritizing climate risk and developing illustrative interventions that. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. United states agency for international development. Department of state 2015 investment climate statement may 2015 5 the 2012 amendment to ethiopias investment proclamation introduced provisions for the establishment of industrial development zones, both staterun and private, with favorable investment, tax, and infrastructure incentives. Smallholder farmers adaptation to climate change in. Information regarding the temperature, precipitation and sunshine for cities and locations in ethiopia. Gisbased climate variability and drought characterization. The datasets are huge in volume and diversified in forms. Jenny hammond, fire from the ashes, a chronicle of the revolution in tigray, ethiopia, 19751991, 1999, published by the read sea press, inc. The study was conducted in the north shewa zone of oromia regional state in ethiopia. The world bank climate profile of ethiopia lists the following implications for disaster risk management from climate change. The year to year variation of annual minimum temperatures expressed in terms of temperature.
Fernanda zermoglio chemonics international anna steynor climate systems analysis group, university of cape town. In northern ethiopia, in the afar region the zone 3 on the map, the climate is desert and hot throughout the year. These disruptions can take a major toll on a countrys economy if a significant part of economic activity is sensitive to the weather and climate. Rising temperatures are exposing more people to malaria. Ethiopia is now the secondmost populous country in subsaharan africa with a population of 96.
N, ethiopias climate is typically tropical in the south. Although national models and missing data obscure regional differences in variability and trends3, there is. Rainfall is a key component of the hydrological cycle, and its spatiotemporal variability is essential from the both scientific and practical perspectives. Missing data are, in particular, a source of problems in climate research e. Climate variability and change in ethiopia december 2015 climate variability and climate change are significant contributing factors in the food security challenges ethiopia currently experiences and will experience going forward.
The seasonality of rainfall varies in different areas of ethiopia. Drought is the single most destructive climaterelated natural hazard in ethiopia. In particular, in the danakil depression, where some salt lakes such as lake afrera are found, the climate is particularly hot, also because of the low altitude, which drops to 125 meters 410 feet below sea level. Climate change impact on livelihood, vulnerability and coping. Mean annual temperature distribution over the country varies from 10 o c over the highlands of northwest, central and southeast to 35 o c over northeastern lowlands nma 2007. The effect of climate change on ruminant livestock population. Evidence from ethiopia mintewab bezabih, salvatore di falco, and alemu mekonnen abstract weather fluctuations tend to be as important as climate change in farmers decision making in countries such as ethiopia that have virtually no weather insurance. This study is focused on analysis of temporal variability and trends in historical rainfall records for stations in the geba river basin.
Estimates suggest climate change may reduce ethiopia s gdp up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on agricultural productivity. Mar 24, 2017 climate change and variability has been detected in ethiopia. Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal. They have to have perception of climate change in order to respond it through making coping andor adaptation strategies. According to 2007 census the population of the country is around 74 million csa1 2008. Using rainfall data spanning from 19752003 for 12 stations from the amhara region, woldeamlak 2009 reported, among other things, of lower variability of rainfall in the western part of the region than the eastern. Climate ethiopia average weather, temperature, rainfall, when to go, what to pack in ethiopia, the climate varies mostly with altitude, and it goes from the hot and arid climate of the lowlands to the cool climate of the plateau. Ethiopia is strategically located in the northeastern part of africa popularly known as the horn of africa. There is not a statistically significant trend in observed mean rainfall in any season in ethiopia between 1960 and 2006.
A hotspot matrix is often used as a proxy for the integrated phase food security classification ipc. Climate change impact on livelihood, vulnerability and. Gisbased climate variability and drought characterization in. Pdf adaptation to climate change and variability in.
Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Ethiopia establishes national framework for climate services. Stuart munrohay, ethiopia, the unknown land a cultural and historical guide, 2002, published by i. A climate trend analysis of ethiopia united states agency. Attribution analysis of the ethiopian drought of 2015. Highresolution monthly rainfall database for ethiopia. Climate variability already negatively impacts livelihoods and. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate change and variability in the upper catchment of blue nile, ethiopia 8 atps working paper no. The rainfall over ethiopia exhibited high variability over the study period.
According to the countrys national adaptation programme of action, climate change in ethiopia will bring changes in precipitation patterns, rainfall variability. Total rainfall in ethiopia between june and september 1997 at 20 weather stations was 20% less than 1996. The aim of this study was to understand the association of crop production with climate variability in the central highlands of ethiopia. In the southcentral part of the country, most areas receive both belg and summer juneseptember kiremt rains. The process of developing the climate change strategy involved comprehensive consultations and workshops at the regional and national level since 2009, involving the members of the niletac and national thematic experts, as well as a taskteam of technical experts from the nilesec, nelsap and. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact. Ethiopian seasonal rainfall variability and prediction using. Climate change and variability has been detected in ethiopia. In the eastern somali region, rains come twice a yearduring the marchjune belg season, and during the octoberdecember deyr season. It is well understood that rainfall is highly variable under arid and semiarid conditions. The process of developing the climate change strategy involved comprehensive consultations and workshops at the regional and national level since 2009, involving the members of the niletac and national thematic experts, as well as a task. Climate variability and climate change and their impacts on kenyas agricultural sector. Introduction there is a growing understanding that climate variability and change poses serious challenges to development in ethiopia.
Projections of change in the rainy seasons amj and jas which affect the larger portions of ethiopia are more mixed, but tend towards slight increases in the south west and deceases. Local climate variability and crop production in the. One of the reasons for limited investigation of climate change and variability over ethiopia is absence of homogeneous and continuous climate variables such as temperature and rainfall. Somali is the second largest region of ethiopia with an area of 327,000km2. The study site is located in the somali region eastern ethiopia. Complex patterns of climate, climate change, and livelihoods. It has three different climate zones according to elevation. As a result, the reliable seasonal rainfall prediction would have several advantages for agricultural activities, water management, health malaria. One of the influences of ethiopias climate and weather is the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone itcz which affects the rainfall patterns in ethiopia, east africa. Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over. The topography is ragged terrain with some mountains.
Ethiopia, located in eastern africa, has a population of approximately 80. Ethiopia has faced multiple seasons of failed or erratic rainfall leading to one of the most impactful droughts in recent history. There is not a statistically significant trend in observed mean rainfall in any season in ethiopia. Pdf climate change refers to long term fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, wind and other elements of earths climate system. Natural climate variability and longterm climate trends both contribute to fluctuations in weather that affect operations in water resources, agriculture, energy, health and more. Lying just north of the equator, the country experiences little variation in temperature throughout the year. Climate change, growth, and poverty in ethiopia ethiopia.
Ethiopia is in the tropical zone laying between the equator and the tropic of cancer. North shewa zone is located in the northwestern direction of addis ababa. Climate variability and farmers perception in southern ethiopia. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and. Map showing management districts in ethiopia with the ffp areas highlighted. With agriculture accounting for half of gdp and 80% of jobs, the ethiopian economy is sensitive to climate variability. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on. Olley, the implications of regional variations in rainfall for reconstructing rainfall patterns using tree rings, hydrological processes, 2017, 31. Government of ethiopia and humanitarian partners, december 2016 hotspot woreda classification has been derived using six multisector indicators, including agriculture and nutrition, agreed at zonal, regional and federal levels. Ethiopian seasonal rainfall variability and prediction. Decreases in julyseptember rainfall observed in the 1980s have shown recovery in the 1990s. Average annual precipitation on the central plateau is roughly 122 cm 48 in. Studies on rainfall trends and variability made in ethiopia include weldeamlak 2009 and hongwei et al. Ethiopia makes up the greater part of the east african horn of africa.
Ethiopia is one of the subsaharan countries situated at the horn of africa. Local perceptions and coping strategies provide a crucial foundation for community. This paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change on ethiopias agriculture using. Black dots indicate locations of available weather stations relevant to the ffp areas. Ethiopia provides a good example of the influence of climate variability. In addition, the frequency of cold nights linked to frost in dry season has decreased significantly in all seasons2. Exhibit 1 shows that gdp in ethiopia rises or falls about a year behind changes in average rainfall. Farmers and pastoralists waited for the belg rains that generally occur between february and may in central and eastern ethiopia, but in 2015 the belg rains came a month late after a false start. It is a country of geographical contrasts, varying from as much as 116 m 381 ft below sea level in the danakil depression to more than 4,600 m 15,000 ft above sea level in the mountainous regions. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate.
The relevance of climate and its variability on natural. Because ethiopias economy is mainly dependent on rainfed agriculture, the failure or the goodness of seasonal rainfall is incredibly decisive the countrys socio economic functioning in particular, food production. Climate variability and its impacts on food production 263 methodology the study area. Ethiopias economy and the wellbeing of its people varies, in part, with the climate. After the introductory chapter, the second chapter analyzes the impacts of climate change on crop yields and yield variability.
We used monthly rainfall and temperature data from 2 points each representing a pixel of 10. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate change. The results of this analysis are intended to provide the government of ethiopia, civil society organizations, and international donors a basis for. The westernmost region of ethiopia receives an annual rainfall of nearly 200 cm 80 in. After the introductory chapter, the second chapter analyzes the impacts of climate change on crop yields and yield variability in ethiopia. Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over northern. The eastern most corner of ethiopia receives very little rainfall at any time of year. One of the influences of ethiopia s climate and weather is the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone itcz which affects the rainfall patterns in ethiopia, east africa. According to the nmsa, almost all parts of ethiopia had dry spells in the kiremt months of july and august 1997. Climate variability can cause abrupt disruptions, such as floods, droughts, or tropical storms. It shares boundary with the north and south sudan on the west, somalia and djibouti on the east, eritrea on the north and northwest and kenya on the south. Jun 07, 2018 ethiopias economy and the wellbeing of its people varies, in part, with the climate. Considering climate variability importance for agricultural activities in the region, the study is focused over potential cropping regions of ethiopia as displayed in fig.
Climate variability and change in ethiopia global climate. Current large projects in ethiopia that try to influence the demandside towards healthier food choices. Ethiopia climate risk country profile climate change knowledge. Some of the variability does not appear to be caused systematically and occurs at random times. The northern provinces receive less rainfall, and the average annual precipitation in the ogaden is less than 10 cm 4 in. Ethiopia provides a good example of the influence of climate variability on a developing countrys economy.
On the impact of weather variability and climate change on agriculture. Climate variability already negatively impacts livelihoods and this is likely to continue. Climate change, growth, and poverty trends in ethiopia 4. May 21, 2016 rainfall is a key component of the hydrological cycle, and its spatiotemporal variability is essential from the both scientific and practical perspectives. Analysis of observed and perceived climate change and. Ethiopian treasures explores the many varied aspects of ethiopia including its history, culture, tradition, religion, language, calendar, geography and climate. Climate change and the ethiopian economy resources for the. Climate variability is the term to describe variations in the mean state and other characteristics of climate such as chances or possibility of extreme weather, etc. The geba catchment is surrounded by the danakil basin in the east, by the tekeze river basin in the.
Most rural people live in the highlands and middlehighlands, which comprise only onethird of the country, and this population tends to be. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia. Ethiopia launches p4g national platform ethiopia featured 2 2 ethiopia showcases strategy for achieving green middleincome status ethiopia by dagim terefe fdre environment minister dr. Famine early warning systems networkinforming climate change adaptation series. Ethiopia is seriously threatened by climate change. In ethiopia climate variability is m ainly manifested through rainfall inconsistency and temperature increment ethiopian national meteorology agency nm a, 2007. The climate of ethiopia is characterized by showing high variability annually, seasonally and.
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