Nigeria where there are far more unions than that of ghana. Feb 05, 2015 historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol. Nigeria s traditional agricultural based economy was abandoned and the country became extremely dependent on exports of oil, which due to frequent fluctuations in oil prices led to an unstable economy. Nigerias military is the largest in west africa, but is significantly less capable than its size and equipment inventory would indicate.
The study also examines how corruption induces military intervention in nigerian politics due to the embezzlement of public funds by our political leaders as well as. Introduction the military is a peculiar organization in several respects. Abegunrin examines nigerian foreign policy during the 33 years of military rule punctuated by the quadrennial civilian government. Military rule are noted for violating fundamental human rights. An analysis of industrial relations practice in nigeria and. Rule of law both the colonizers and the military rulers treated the nigerians as their subjects.
The 1966 coups and the beginning of military rule, 196667 the first republic came to an end. Military regimes and nigerias economic development. The militarys poor human rights record has had a debilitating impact on effectiveness. Effects of military rule on nigerias economy according to analysts, the economic effects of military rule were disastrous. Eventually, there were so many riots that a military coup occurred in 1966. Colonial and postcolonial human rights violations in nigeria. Nigeria s democracy will get stronger if allowed to grow and mature. The regime declared a war against indiscipline wai, which resulted in the arrest, detention, and jailing of a number of politicians. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to. The military is the antithesis of democracy with regard to its forms, values, purpose and structure p. The entanglement of the military into politics in which when ventured in and consolidated, power is difficult to relinquish in nigeria and elsewhere in the world demand serious attention. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration.
The impact of military rule on nigeria s nation building, 1966 1979, length. Military rule in nigeria first started on january 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the npcnndp government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. The fraudulent election was used as an excuse for the takeover, although the military was in fact closely associated with the ousted government. It enquires into how military intervenes in the nigerian politics in the recent time. He critically analyzes the major developments during this period at the regional, continental, and global levels, focusing on the activities of the key figures. Nigerian foreign policy and the struggle against white rule in southern africa. Military rule mechanisms and impacts of military rule britannica. Nigeria became an independent country in october 1 st 1960 after about a century occupation by the british colonial masters. The impact of military coup detat on political development in nigeria. The great expansion of the military during the civil war further entrenched the existing military hold on nigerian society carried over from the first. The impact of military rule on nigeria s administration a. The role played by the military in nigeria developmental process cannot be deserted. The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria 287 military rule in africa at the end of the colonialism in africa, it was natural, that the political culture of the colonial. Article pdf available december 2012 with 51,389 reads.
The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, author. The effects of military governance in nigeria essay bartleby. Nigeria has therefore been governed for a longer period over thirty years of her independence by the military. Nigeria has been governed for a longer period by the military junta than by civilian rule after her independence in 1960. Criminalization of acts or omissions which ordinarily in civil life would at worst amount to near breaches of contract or moral obligation, b. The issue of military rule the first problem you find is, obviously, the existence of a military government. Radio broadcast by major chukwuma kaduna nzeogwu announcing nigerias first military coup on radio nigeria, kaduna on january 15, 1966 culled from vanguard newspaper on september 30, 2010 in the name of the supreme council of the revolution of the nigerian armed forces, i declare martial law over the northern provinces of nigeria. Military regimes are sometimes replaced by a new version of the same type of regime, as in nigeria in. Section 3 provided that the federal military government has the power to make laws for the peace, order and government of nigeria. The military is not by inclination trained to rule, but to defend. Abegunrin provides a significant and comprenhensive examination of nigerian foreign policy 19661999 during the almost 33 years of military rule, punctuated by the fouryear civilian interregnum, 19791983. On the 18th of february, 1977, some unidentified military men attacked fela kutis residence, kalakuta republic, in which the musical taliban. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration a.
The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. But there are other reasons for directing attention to the effects of military rule. Nigerian foreign policy under military rule, 19661999 by. Nigerian foreign policy under military rule, 19661999. Look at india, brazil and america in the late 19th century all of these places dont have the best democracies but theyve been strengthened over the years. Nigerian security forces and the management of internal. Nigeria and the ruins of military rule the guardian nigeria. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the nigerian people. Fortunately, the military rulers seemed to understand that military rule had a lot of negative effects because of their unprofessionalism. It gave the newly appointed regional military governors power to only legislate on matters in the concurrent list and with the prior consent of the fmg. The impact of the different administrations on the. But it happens that you cannot wish the military away in nigeria. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has faced numerous regime changes. This study analyzes military rule and the political transition to democracy in nigeria.
And in many countries the period of military rule has now lasted longer than the initial period of civilian rule after independence. The case study of nigeria deals with the impact of regime type on industrial development. Historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol. It stretched through the shortlived regime of majorgenera. Nigeria mad by babangida was not to accept the new election results and favoring only the military rule in nigeria. National integration was promoted by way of introducing national youth service corps. The military succeeded in the aspect of creating new states and local councils. Military intervention in the nigerian politics and its impact citeseerx. Free essays on negative impact of military rule on nigerians. A military coup is the violent or nonviolent overthrow of an existing political regime by the military. Military politicians in power from january 15, 1966 until 1999 destroyed nigerias economy, ruined the currency, desecrated the civil service which was the best on the continent then and killed. Nigerian army, economic development, civil war introduction in 1960 when nigeria attained political independence. This policy of preserving the old social system until.
In the aftermath of the civil war, the much expanded size of the military, around 250,000 in 1977, consumed a large part of nigerias resources under military rule for little productive return. I told you i was military, but i have long since taken off my uniform. Military regimes and nation building in nigeria, 19661999. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 19661979 abdulrahman, ajibola a. Unfortunately the military struck in january 16 1966 and ruled the country for over 30 years. Abstractthe paper seeks to explain the rationale of the militarize dispositions of politicians in the current democracy. Of course, nigerias independence meant it had to try to unify the nation, which proved difficult due to its extreme diversity in languages, religion, culture and politics. Military rule commenced in nigeria on january 15, 1966 when a military coup detat led by an army major, chukwuma nzeogwu, overthrew the government of prime minister abubakar tafawa balewa. Although military rule has become less common during the past two decades, the military still governed 19% of the worlds countries in the. The military rule in nigeria began with the collapse of the first republic on january, 1966 just less than six years of her independence. Nov 28, 2017 military regimes in nigeria exhibited patrimonial characteristics such as personal rule, absence of separation between the public and private realms, patronclient administrative networks, veneration of the ruler, massive corruption, ethnicsectionalbased support, and repression of opposition and violation of human rights.
On december 31, 1983, the military seized power once again, primarily because there was virtually no confidence in the civilian regime. The challenge of military reform crisis group africa report n237, 6 june 2016 page ii operations, somewhat outdated. Military regimes in nigeria exhibited patrimonial characteristics such as personal rule, absence of separation between the public and private realms, patronclient administrative networks, veneration of the ruler, massive corruption, ethnicsectionalbased support, and repression of opposition and violation of human rights. Adewumi 1998 stated that the trade union congress in ghana was founded in 1945. There is a nexus between military rules in connection to nation building.
Military rule and nation building process in nigeria. Personnel are undermotivated due to low pay, poor welfare services and bleak postservice prospects. Nigerias democracy will get stronger if allowed to grow and mature. The military history of nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st october 1966. Starting from january 1966 to october 1979 and december 1983 to may 1999, the military has ruled the country for about 30 years. The government during the military regime was unstable. In 1933, lord lugard described indirect rule and the role of education in it. There have been a large number of successful and failed military coups in nigeria since the countrys independence from the british empire in 1960. Military had emphasized on the need for a reorientation of the people for the pursuit of positive values which are aimed at producing a decent, humane, disciplined and selfreliant nation. Military governments and economic development shura. Nigeria is an oilrich state located in the eastern part of african. Between 1966 and 1999 the army held power in nigeria without interruption apart from a short.
This truism constitutes part of a question raised in this works which state. History of military rule in nigeria pdf summary yes, i know youd want to keep this for offline use, so weve created the military rule in nigeria pdf file. Buhari justified his coup and subsequent actions by citing the troubles of the second republic and the declining economy. Military rule and topdown rule in general is bound for failure.
The problem, however, was that although military officers accepted this rationale, military rule usually became selfsustaining. The conscious employment of prebendal politics and ethnic jingoism had serious centrifugal impact on the polity as we have noted previously. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, length. The impact of military coup detat on political development. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building. Prevention in war time, acts or omissions, capable of. Military intervention in the nigerian politics and its.
Pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria muhammed adamu yamanga academia. Sanda, olusola ojo, victor ayeni faculty of administration, university of ife, 1987 civil military relations 344 pages. From the onset of independent government in nigeria in 1960 to the end of 1990, the military had ruled for twentyone years. Nigeria s military is the largest in west africa, but is significantly less capable than its size and equipment inventory would indicate. Measures that could be taken to prevent military intervention in nigeria. Pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. Military and civilian regimes in subsaharan africa lsu digital. When the wai was extended to journalists and others not responsible for the social. Sanda, olusola ojo, victor ayeni faculty of administration, university of ife, 1987 civilmilitary relations 344 pages. Oct 10, 2016 nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 nigerian coup detat which overthrew prime minister alhaji sir abubakar tafawa balewa. To them, nigeria has taught the world the difference between democracy and civil rule. Five rare and pitiable photos of fela kuti after the attack on his house, kalakuta republic in 1977. Colonial rule and the military rule ever since the first military intervention in 1966, each military regime in nigeria has circumscribed the rights of the people by violating the rule of law and undermining democracy.
Throughout the 33 years of military rule in nigeria, coup detat was the order of the day, governments were overthrown, political leaders assassinated and oppositions silenced. Military rule in nigeria has significantly hindered the efforts to implement democracy as it ruined all the opportunities to establish and gradually institutionalize democratic principles through the conscious efforts of the elites and political leaders. Not all transitions actually lead to civilian rule, of course. The picture that emerges from this analysis suggests that most military. The military rule in nigeria clamped corruption to an extent, initiated massorientation programmes such as ofn, defri, nde, among others.
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